Quadratic Formula Calculator

Solve ax² + bx + c = 0


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The Quadratic Formula

ax² + bx + c = 0
x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a
x₁ = (−b + √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a
x₂ = (−b − √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a

The Discriminant

b² − 4ac > 0 Two distinct real roots Parabola crosses x-axis at two points
b² − 4ac = 0 One repeated real root Parabola touches x-axis at one point
b² − 4ac < 0 Two complex roots Parabola does not cross x-axis

Example

Solve x² − 5x + 6 = 0 (a=1, b=−5, c=6):

Discriminant = (−5)² − 4(1)(6) = 25 − 24 = 1
x = (5 ± √1) / 2 = (5 ± 1) / 2
x₁ = (5 + 1) / 2 = 3
x₂ = (5 − 1) / 2 = 2

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the quadratic formula?

The quadratic formula solves any equation in the form ax² + bx + c = 0. The solution is x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac)) / 2a. The ± symbol means there are two possible solutions (x₁ and x₂), which may be equal if the discriminant is zero.

What is the discriminant?

The discriminant is b² − 4ac. If positive, the equation has two distinct real roots. If zero, it has exactly one real root (a repeated root). If negative, it has two complex (imaginary) roots — the parabola does not cross the x-axis.

Can I use the quadratic formula if a = 0?

No. If a = 0, the equation becomes linear (bx + c = 0), not quadratic. The quadratic formula divides by 2a and requires a ≠ 0. Solve linear equations as x = −c/b.

What does it mean to have complex roots?

Complex roots occur when the discriminant is negative. They come in conjugate pairs: x = p ± qi where i = √−1. Complex roots mean the parabola y = ax² + bx + c never intersects the x-axis.

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